![]() RAD is generally diagnosed in children between the ages of 9 months and 5 years. Symptoms of DSED take much longer to resolve (Zeanah, et al., 2004). After children have been placed in a stable environment, research shows that signs of RAD disappear over time and become quite rare. One of the reasons the DSM-V separates RAD and DSED are their different progressions. ![]() RAD's new narrower, more targeted definition is now characterized by a child who is inhibited and withdrawn from adult caregivers, rarely seeks or responds to comfort when they are upset, and has persistent social and emotional disturbances, such as minimal responsiveness to others, minimal positive emotions, and irritability, sadness, or fear during non-threatening social interactions. Now the DSM-V, which appeared in 2013, classifies these disorders as separate diagnoses: RAD, which involves emotionally withdrawn and inhibited behaviors, and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) which involves indiscriminately social and disinhibited behaviors. Until recently there were two types of RAD: emotionally withdrawn/inhibited and indiscriminately social/disinhibited. ![]() Researchers and practitioners have been wrestling to clearly identify and treat it ever since. RAD was first added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in the 1980s. Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is a disruptive disorder believed to be caused by chronic and severe neglect in early childhood. ![]()
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